Journal of Surgical Research
Volume 153, Issue 1 , Pages 46-53 , 1 May 2009

uPA and PAI-1 in Rectal Cancer—Relationship to Radiotherapy and Clinical Outcome

  • Eva Angenete, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
    • Corresponding Author InformationTo whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed at Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, 416 85 Gothenburg, Sweden
  • ,
  • Marcus Langenskiöld, M.D

      Affiliations

    • Department of Vascular Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Sahlgrenska, Gothenburg, Sweden
  • ,
  • Ingrid Palmgren, B.Sc.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
  • ,
  • Peter Falk, B.Sc.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
  • ,
  • Tom Öresland, M.D., Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
  • ,
  • Marie-Louise Ivarsson, M.D., Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Kungsbacka Hospital, Kungsbacka, Sweden

Received 21 December 2007

References 

  1. Kapiteijn E, Marijnen CA, Nagtegaal ID, et al. Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:638
  2. Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial. Improved survival with preoperative radiotherapy in resectable rectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:980
  3. Folkesson J, Birgisson H, Pahlman L, et al. Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial: Long lasting benefits from radiotherapy on survival and local recurrence rate. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:5644
  4. Dahlberg M, Glimelius B, Graf W, et al. Preoperative irradiation affects functional results after surgery for rectal cancer: Results from a randomized study. Dis Colon Rectum. 1998;41:543;discussion 549
  5. Birgisson H, Pahlman L, Gunnarsson U, et al. Late adverse effects of radiation therapy for rectal cancer - a systematic overview. Acta Oncol. 2007;46:504
  6. Brown G, Davies S, Williams GT, et al. Effectiveness of preoperative staging in rectal cancer: Digital rectal examination, endoluminal ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging?. Br J Cancer. 2004;91:23
  7. Smith NJ, Bees N, Barbachano Y, et al. Preoperative computed tomography staging of nonmetastatic colon cancer predicts outcome: Implications for clinical trials. Br J Cancer. 2007;96:1030
  8. Jass JR, O'Brien MJ, Riddell RH, et al. Recommendations for the reporting of surgically resected specimens of colorectal carcinoma. Hum Pathol. 2007;38:537
  9. Locker GY, Hamilton S, Harris J, et al. ASCO 2006 update of recommendations for the use of tumor markers in gastrointestinal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:5313
  10. Duffy MJ, van Dalen A, Haglund C, et al. Tumor markers in colorectal cancer: European Group on Tumor Markers (EGTM) guidelines for clinical use. Eur J Cancer. 2007;43:1348
  11. Angenete E, Langenskiold M, Falk P, et al. Matrix metalloproteinases in rectal mucosa, tumor and plasma: Response after preoperative irradiation. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2007;22:667
  12. Angenete E, Langenskiold M, Palmgren I, et al. Transforming growth factor beta-1 in rectal tumor, mucosa and plasma in relation to radiotherapy and clinical outcome in rectal cancer patients. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2007;22:1331
  13. Andreasen PA, Egelund R, Petersen HH. The plasminogen activation system in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2000;57:25
  14. Berger DH. Plasmin/plasminogen system in colorectal cancer. World J Surg. 2002;26:767
  15. Yang JL, Seetoo D, Wang Y, et al. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its receptor in colorectal cancer: Independent prognostic factors of metastasis and cancer-specific survival and potential therapeutic targets. Int J Cancer. 2000;89:431
  16. Ganesh S, Sier CF, Griffioen G, et al. Prognostic relevance of plasminogen activators and their inhibitors in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res. 1994;54:4065
  17. Mulcahy HE, Duffy MJ, Gibbons D, et al. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator and outcome in Dukes' B colorectal cancer. Lancet. 1994;344:583
  18. Bajou K, Masson V, Gerard RD, et al. The plasminogen activator inhibitor PAI-1 controls in vivo tumor vascularization by interaction with proteases, not vitronectin (Implications for antiangiogenic strategies). J Cell Biol. 2001;152:777
  19. Dellas C, Loskutoff DJ. Historical analysis of PAI-1 from its discovery to its potential role in cell motility and disease. Thromb Haemost. 2005;93:631
  20. Gunther K, Dworak O, Remke S, et al. Prediction of distant metastases after curative surgery for rectal cancer. J Surg Res. 2002;103:68
  21. Abe J, Urano T, Konno H, et al. Larger and more invasive colorectal carcinoma contains larger amounts of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and its relative ratio over urokinase receptor correlates well with tumor size. Cancer. 1999;86:2602
  22. Sakakibara T, Hibi K, Koike M, et al. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 as a potential marker for the malignancy of colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer. 2005;93:799
  23. Nielsen HJ, Christensen IJ, Sorensen S, et al. Preoperative plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 and serum C-reactive protein levels in patients with colorectal cancer (The RANX05 Colorectal Cancer Study Group). Ann Surg Oncol. 2000;7:617
  24. Nielsen HJ, Pappot H, Christensen IJ, et al. Association between plasma concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and survival in patients with colorectal cancer. BMJ. 1998;316:829
  25. Harbeck N, Kates RE, Look MP, et al. Enhanced benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients classified high-risk according to urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (n = 3424). Cancer Res. 2002;62:4617
  26. Harbeck N, Thomssen C, Berger U, et al. Invasion marker PAI-1 remains a strong prognostic factor after long-term follow-up both for primary breast cancer and following first relapse. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1999;54:147
  27. Lowry O, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, et al. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951;193:265
  28. Richter KK, Fink LM, Hughes BM, et al. Differential effect of radiation on endothelial cell function in rectal cancer and normal rectum. Am J Surg. 1998;176:642
  29. Baker EA, Leaper DJ. The plasminogen activator and matrix metalloproteinase systems in colorectal cancer: Relationship to tumor pathology. Eur J Cancer. 2003;39:981
  30. Baker EA, Bergin FG, Leaper DJ. Plasminogen activator system, vascular endothelial growth factor, and colorectal cancer progression. Mol Pathol. 2000;53:307
  31. Strup-Perrot C, Vozenin-Brotons MC, Vandamme M, et al. Expression and activation of MMP -2, -3, -9, -14 are induced in rat colon after abdominal X-irradiation. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2006;41:60
  32. Zhao W, Spitz DR, Oberley LW, et al. Redox modulation of the pro-fibrogenic mediator plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 following ionizing radiation. Cancer Res. 2001;61:5537
  33. Hageman J, Eggen BJ, Rozema T, et al. Radiation and transforming growth factor-beta cooperate in transcriptional activation of the profibrotic plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene. Clin Cancer Res. 2005;11:5956
  34. Marijnen CA, Nagtegaal ID, Kapiteijn E, et al. Radiotherapy does not compensate for positive resection margins in rectal cancer patients: Report of a multicenter randomized trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003;55:1311
  35. Bajou K, Noel A, Gerard RD, et al. Absence of host plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 prevents cancer invasion and vascularization. Nat Med. 1998;4:923

PII: S0022-4804(08)00147-9

doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.02.043

Journal of Surgical Research
Volume 153, Issue 1 , Pages 46-53 , 1 May 2009