Journal of Surgical Research
Volume 157, Issue 1 , Pages 21-29 , November 2009

State-Based Analysis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Outcomes1

  • Yigit S. Guner, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatric Surgery, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
    • Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
    • ,
  • Philippe Friedlich, M.D., M.S. Epi, M.B.A.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics and Division of Neonatal Medicine, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
    • ,
  • Choo Phei Wee, B.S.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
    • ,
  • Fred Dorey, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
    • ,
  • Victoria Camerini, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics and Division of Neonatal Medicine, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
    • ,
  • Jeffrey S. Upperman, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatric Surgery, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
    • Corresponding Author InformationTo whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed at Department of Pediatric Surgery, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Boulevard, Mailstop no. 72, Los Angeles, CA 90027.

Received 17 February 2008

References 

  1. Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Sutton PD, et al. Births: Final data for 2004. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2006;55:1
  2. Hamilton BE, Minino AM, Martin JA, et al. Annual summary of vital statistics: 2005. Pediatrics. 2007;119:345
  3. Racial/ethnic disparities in infant mortality–United States, 1995-2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005;54:553
  4. Racial/ethnic disparities in neonatal mortality–United States, 1989-2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004;53:655
  5. Holman RC, Stoll BJ, Curns AT, et al. Necrotising enterocolitis hospitalisations among neonates in the United States. Pediatr Perinatal Epidemiol. 2006;20:498
  6. Holman RC, Stoll BJ, Clarke MJ, et al. The epidemiology of necrotizing enterocolitis infant mortality in the United States. Am J Public Health. 1997;87:2026
  7. Callaghan WM, MacDorman MF, Rasmussen SA, et al. The contribution of preterm birth to infant mortality rates in the United States. Pediatrics. 2006;118:1566
  8. Kliegman RM, Fanaroff AA. Necrotizing enterocolitis. N Engl J Med. 1984;310:1093
  9. Henry MC, Lawrence Moss R. Surgical therapy for necrotizing enterocolitis: Bringing evidence to the bedside. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2005;14:181
  10. Nadler EP, Dickinson E, Knisely A, et al. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and interleukin-12 in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis. J Surg Res. 2000;92:71
  11. Baregamian N, Song J, Jeschke MG, et al. IGF-1 protects intestinal epithelial cells from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. J Surg Res. 2006;136:31
  12. Bhatia AM, Feddersen RM, Musemeche CA. The role of luminal nutrients in intestinal injury from mesenteric reperfusion and platelet-activating factor in the developing rat. J Surg Res. 1996;63:152
  13. Topalian SL, Ziegler MM. Necrotizing enterocolitis: A review of animal models. J Surg Res. 1984;37:320
  14. Moss RL, Dimmitt RA, Barnhart DC, et al. Laparotomy versus peritoneal drainage for necrotizing enterocolitis and perforation. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:2225
  15. Patole S. Prevention and treatment of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm neonates. Early Hum Dev. 2007;83:635
  16. Luig M, Lui K. Epidemiology of necrotizing enterocolitis–Part I: Changing regional trends in extremely preterm infants over 14 years. J Pediatr Child Health. 2005;41:169
  17. Luig M, Lui K. Epidemiology of necrotizing enterocolitis–Part II: Risks and susceptibility of premature infants during the surfactant era: A regional study. J Pediatr Child Health. 2005;41:174
  18. Bisquera JA, Cooper TR, Berseth CL. Impact of necrotizing enterocolitis on length of stay and hospital charges in very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics. 2002;109:423
  19. Hintz SR, Kendrick DE, Stoll BJ, et al. Neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants after necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatrics. 2005;115:696
  20. O'Donovan DJ, Baetiong A, Adams K, et al. Necrotizing enterocolitis and gastrointestinal complications after indomethacin therapy and surgical ligation in premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus. J Perinatol. 2003;23:286
  21. Soraisham AS, Amin HJ, Al-Hindi MY, et al. Does necrotising enterocolitis impact the neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes in preterm infants with birthweight < or =1250 g?. J Pediatr Child Health. 2006;42:499
  22. Kurscheid T, Holschneider AM. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)–mortality and long-term results. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 1993;3:139
  23. Moss RL, Das JB, Raffensperger JG. Necrotizing enterocolitis and total parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis. Nutrition. 1996;12:340
  24. Rubin SZ, Kenney JD, McMillan DD, et al. Necrotizing enterocolitis: A chronic colonic disease. Can J Surg. 1985;28:132
  25. Sankaran K, Chien LY, Walker R, et al. Variations in mortality rates among Canadian neonatal intensive care units. CMAJ. 2002;166:173
  26. Hermes-DeSantis ER, Clyman RI. Patent ductus arteriosus: Pathophysiology and management. J Perinatol. 2006;26(Suppl 1):S14;discussion S22
  27. Grosfeld JL, Chaet M, Molinari F, et al. Increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus treated with indomethacin. Ann Surg. 1996;224:350;discussion 355
  28. Dollberg S, Lusky A, Reichman B. Patent ductus arteriosus, indomethacin and necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants: A population-based study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2005;40:184
  29. Wise PH. The anatomy of a disparity in infant mortality. Annu Rev Public Health. 2003;24:341
  30. Liu JH, Zingmond DS, McGory ML, et al. Disparities in the utilization of high-volume hospitals for complex surgery. JAMA. 2006;296:1973
  31. Kilbourne AM, Switzer G, Hyman K, et al. Advancing health disparities research within the health care system: a conceptual framework. Am J Public Health. 2006;96:2113
  32. Phibbs CS, Baker LC, Caughey AB, et al. Level and volume of neonatal intensive care and mortality in very-low-birth-weight infants. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:2165
  33. Phibbs CS, Bronstein JM, Buxton E, et al. The effects of patient volume and level of care at the hospital of birth on neonatal mortality. JAMA. 1996;276:1054
  34. Haberland CA, Phibbs CS, Baker LC. Effect of opening midlevel neonatal intensive care units on the location of low birth weight births in California. Pediatrics. 2006;118:e1667
  35. Rigberg DA, Zingmond DS, McGory ML, et al. Age stratified, perioperative, and one-year mortality after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: A statewide experience. J Vasc Surg. 2006;43:224
  36. Lorenz KA, Ettner SL, Rosenfeld KE, et al. Cash and compassion: profit status and the delivery of hospice services. J Palliative Med. 2002;5:507
  37. O'Connell JB, Maggard MA, Liu JH, et al. A report card on outcomes for surgically treated gastrointestinal cancers: Are we improving?. J Surg Res. 2004;121:214
  38. Liu JH, Etzioni DA, O'Connell JB, et al. Using volume criteria: Do California hospitals measure up?. J Surg Res. 2003;113:96
  39. Cifuentes J, Bronstein J, Phibbs CS, et al. Mortality in low birth weight infants according to level of neonatal care at hospital of birth. Pediatrics. 2002;109:745
  40. Stark AR. Levels of neonatal care. Pediatrics. 2004;114:1341
  41. Holman RC, Stehr-Green JK, Zelasky MT. Necrotizing enterocolitis mortality in the United States, 1979-85. Am J Public Health. 1989;79:987
  42. Llanos AR, Moss ME, Pinzon MC, et al. Epidemiology of neonatal necrotising enterocolitis: A population-based study. Pediatr Perinatal Epidemiol. 2002;16:342
  43. Miller MR, Zhan C. Pediatric patient safety in hospitals: A national picture in 2000. Pediatrics. 2004;113:1741
  44. Iezzoni LI, Shwartz M, Ash AS, et al. Risk adjustment methods can affect perceptions of outcomes. Am J Med Qual. 1994;9:43
  45. Bell MJ, Ternberg JL, Feigin RD, et al. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Therapeutic decisions based upon clinical staging. Ann Surg. 1978;187:1
  46. Lin PW, Stoll BJ. Necrotising enterocolitis. Lancet. 2006;368:1271
  47. Blakely ML, Tyson JE, Lally KP, et al. Laparotomy versus peritoneal drainage for necrotizing enterocolitis or isolated intestinal perforation in extremely low birth weight infants: Outcomes through 18 months adjusted age. Pediatrics. 2006;117:e680
  48. Sharma R, Hudak ML, Tepas JJ, et al. Impact of gestational age on the clinical presentation and surgical outcome of necrotizing enterocolitis. J Perinatol. 2006;26:342
  49. Guthrie SO, Gordon PV, Thomas V, et al. Necrotizing enterocolitis among neonates in the United States. J Perinatol. 2003;23:278
  50. Joseph KS, Liston RM, Dodds L, et al. Socioeconomic status and perinatal outcomes in a setting with universal access to essential health care services. CMAJ. 2007;177:583
  51. Mavroudis C, Cook LN, Fleischaker JW, et al. Management of patent ductus arteriosus in the premature infant: Indomethacin versus ligation. Ann Thorac Surg. 1983;36:561
  52. Shorter NA, Liu JY, Mooney DP, et al. Indomethacin-associated bowel perforations: A study of possible risk factors. J Pediatr Surg. 1999;34:442
  53. Fujii AM, Brown E, Mirochnick M, O'Brien S, Kaufman G. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis with intestinal perforation in extremely premature infants receiving early indomethacin treatment for patent ductus arteriosus. J Perinatol. 2002;22:535
  54. Cassady G, Crouse DT, Kirklin JW, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of very early prophylactic ligation of the ductus arteriosus in babies who weighed 1000 g or less at birth. N Engl J Med. 1989;320:1511
  55. Bartels DB, Wypij D, Wenzlaff P, et al. Hospital volume and neonatal mortality among very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics. 2006;117:2206
  56. Goodman DC, Fisher ES, Little GA, et al. The relation between the availability of neonatal intensive care and neonatal mortality. The N Engl J Med. 2002;346:1538

PII: S0022-4804(08)00693-8

doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.11.008

Journal of Surgical Research
Volume 157, Issue 1 , Pages 21-29 , November 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution