Abstract
Background
Lung cancer is the greatest cause of cancer mortality in the United States, necessitating
ongoing improvements in current treatment techniques. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves
the interaction between a photosensitizer, light, and oxygen. The resulting release
of reactive oxygen species causes tumor necrosis. It has been used as an endoscopic
technique for the palliation of lung cancer. Porfimer sodium (Photofrin) is the only
Food and Drug Administration–approved photosensitizer for PDT but has limited depth
of penetration and produces prolonged skin phototoxicity. Multiple newer photosensitizers
are in development, including PS785. The effectiveness of PS785 was compared with
porfimer sodium in the treatment of human lung cancer xenografts in mice.
Methods
Human non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) xenografts were established in severe combined
immunodeficient mice and grouped into small (3-5 mm) and large tumors (6-10 mm). PS785
or porfimer sodium was administered intravenously, and PDT was executed at 24, 48,
or 72 h after injection. The primary endpoint was the delay of tumor regrowth after
PDT.
Results
Porfimer sodium and PS785 produced statistically similar delays of tumor regrowth
after PDT when small tumors were treated at 24 and 48 h. At 72 h, PS785 performed
better in small tumors. However, for large tumors, PS785 produced no delay in tumor
regrowth at any time point.
Conclusions
PS785 and porfimer sodium were able to effectively treat NSCLC to a depth of ≤5 mm.
However, porfimer sodium was more effective in treating NSCLC tumors to a depth of
6-10 mm. Further efforts are required to produce photosensitizers that will facilitate
PDT of larger tumors.
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Journal of Surgical ResearchAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
US mortality volumes 1930 to 1959 and US mortality data 1960 to 2014, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.pdf. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr60/nvsr60_03.pdf. Accessed July 24, 2020.
- American Cancer Society.(Available at:)www.cancer.orgcancernon-small-cell-lung-canceraboutkey-statistics.html..pdfDate accessed: July 24, 2020
- American Cancer Society, American Cancer Society.(Available at:)www.cancer.orgcancernon-small-cell-lung-cancerdetection-diagnosis.pdfDate: 2017Date accessed: July 24, 2020
- Randomized trial of mediastinal lymph node sampling versus complete lymphadenectomy during pulmonary resection in the patient with N0 or N1 (less than hilar) non-small cell carcinoma: results of the American College of Surgery Oncology Group Z0030 Trial.J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2011; 141: 662-670
- Occult metastases in lymph nodes predict survival in resectable non-small-cell lung cancer: report of the ACOSOG Z0040 trial.J Clin Oncol. 2011; 29: 4313-4319
- Is bronchoscopic photodynamic therapy a therapeutic option in lung cancer?.Eur Respir J. 2003; 22: 535-541
- Endobronchial photodynamic therapy for lung cancer.Lasers Surg Med. 2006; 38: 364-370
- Synthesis and evaluation of novel chlorophyll a derivatives as potent photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy.Eur J Med Chem. 2020; 187: 111959
- Chitosan-based drug delivery systems for optimization of photodynamic therapy: a review.AAPS PharmSciTech. 2019; 20: 253
- Cutaneous phototoxic occurrences in patients receiving Photofrin.Lasers Surg Med. 1990; 10: 485-488
- Effect of wavelength and beam width on penetration in light-tissue interaction using computational methods.Lasers Med Sci. 2017; 32: 1909-1918
- Penetration of laser light at 808 and 980 nm in bovine tissue samples.Photomed Laser Surg. 2013; 31: 163-168
- Determination of subcutaneous tumor size in athymic (nude) mice.Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1989; 24: 148-154
- Tumor volume in subcutaneous mouse xenografts measured by microCT is more accurate and reproducible than determined by 18F-FDG-microPET or external caliper.BMC Med Imaging. 2008; 8: 16
- Photodynamic therapy for central-type early-stage lung cancer.Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2020; 68: 679-683
- Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for malignant brain tumors–where do we stand?.Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2015; 12: 530-544
- Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of malignant tumors.Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 1984; 2: 83-116
AAPM Report No. 88. Photodynamic Therapy Dosimetry. Published for the American Association of Physics in Medicine by Medical Physics Publishing, 2005.pdf. Available at: https://www.aapm.org/pubs/reports/rpt_88.pdf. Accessed July 24, 2020.
- Carbogen breathing significantly enhances the penetration of red light in murine tumours in vivo.Phys Med Biol. 2004; 49: 1891-1904
- Long-term survival of patients treated with photodynamic therapy for carcinoma in situ and early non-small-cell lung carcinoma.Lasers Surg Med. 2007; 39: 394-402
- A comparative study of tissue distribution and photodynamic therapy selectivity of chlorin e6, Photofrin II and ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX in a colon carcinoma model.Br J Cancer. 1996; 73: 937-944
- Porfimer-sodium (Photofrin-II) in combination with ionizing radiation inhibits tumor-initiating cell proliferation and improves glioblastoma treatment efficacy.Cancer Biol Ther. 2013; 14: 64-74
Article info
Publication history
Published online: March 10, 2021
Accepted:
December 31,
2020
Received in revised form:
December 14,
2020
Received:
July 26,
2020
Identification
Copyright
© 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
