E-Only Articles
Damage Control Resuscitation Decreases Systemic Inflammation After Hemorrhage
Severe hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation initiates a dysfunctional systemic inflammatory response leading to end-organ injury. Clinical evidence supports the transfusion of high ratios of plasma and packed red blood cells (pRBCs) in the treatment of hemorrhagic shock. The effects of resuscitation with different ratios of fresh blood products on inflammation and organ injury have not yet been characterized.Pretreatment of Rho Kinase Inhibitor Inhibits Systemic Inflammation and Prevents Endotoxin-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice
Systemic inflammatory mediators play an important role in the development of sepsis. In this study, we analyzed the role of Rho kinase in the activation of immune response and acute lung injury in a mouse model of sepsis.Effects of Progesterone on Intestinal Inflammatory Response and Mucosa Structure Alterations Following SAH in Male Rats
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can induce a persistent inflammatory response, histopathologic changes in the gut. This study investigated whether progesterone administration modulates intestinal proinflammatory cytokine expression and structure alternations following SAH in male rats.Dietary Flaxseed Protects Against Lung Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Via Inhibition of Apoptosis and Inflammation in a Murine Model
The hallmark of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the resultant oxidant stress has been implicated in apoptotic cell death as well as subsequent development of inflammation. Dietary flaxseed (FS) is a rich source of naturally occurring antioxidants and has been shown to reduce lung IRI in mice. However, the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of FS in IRI remain to be determined.Transcription Factor Nrf2 Protects the Spinal Cord from Inflammation Produced by Spinal Cord Injury
Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of secondary damage after spinal cord injury (SCI). Previous studies have suggested that nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a pleiotropic transcription factor, may play a key role in modulating inflammation in a variety of experimental models. This study evaluated the neuroprotective role of Nrf2 in the inflammatory response after SCI in mice.The Effect of Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in a Murine Model of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to an increasingly diagnosed condition involving triglyceride accumulation into hepatocytes resulting in a broad spectrum of liver injury. The progression of NAFLD, a relatively benign condition, to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) involves the hepatic infiltration of inflammatory cells and subsequent hepatocellular injury. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of the liver is a major complication of liver resection, hepatic trauma, and liver transplantation.Autoimmune-Mediated Vascular Injury Occurs Prior to Sustained Hyperglycemia in a Murine Model of Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Accelerated cardiovascular disease in patients with type I diabetes (TID) is a well-described condition and serious clinical obstacle. At present, the notion that early atherogenesis is largely dependent on sustained hyperglycemia remains in question. We hypothesize that an alteration in T lymphocyte homeostasis may result in early vascular inflammation, which might amplify subsequent blood vessel injury in euglycemia.Split-Liver Procedure and Inflammatory Response: Improvement by Pharmacological Preconditioning
Final outcome of split-liver (SL) transplantation is impaired due to an increased rate of vascular complications and primary non-function. Herein, we hypothesized that an in situ split-liver procedure induces an inflammatory response and a deterioration of graft quality. We further studied whether graft quality can be improved by pharmacologic preconditioning.Threshold Model for Extremity Compartment Syndrome in Swine
Extremity compartment syndrome occurs when swelling develops within a muscle compartment to such an extent that the microvasculature is compressed and tissue perfusion is compromised. Untreated, this condition can result in widespread tissue destruction and loss of the affected limb.Use of an Ultrasonic Blade Facilitates Muscle Repair After Incision Injury
The ultrasonic Harmonic Blade cuts and coagulates soft tissue at temperatures lower than conventional electrosurgery. This study investigated whether improved hemostatic control and reduced collateral damage in skeletal muscle incisions translates into improved myofiber regeneration, reduced fibrosis and faster muscle recovery.Patients Suffering Due to Complicated Peritonitis May Not Benefit from Splenectomy: Clinical Data from a Retrospective Study
In this retrospective observational study, we investigated the impact of prior splenectomy on the outcome of patients with complicated peritonitis.Hydrogen-Rich Saline Provides Protection Against Hyperoxic Lung Injury
Hydrogen has been proven to be a novel antioxidant through its selectively reducing of the hydroxyl radical. In this study, we investigated the effects of hydrogen-rich saline on the prevention of acute lung injury induced by hyperoxia (HALI) in rats.Hydrogen Sulphide Attenuates Renal and Cardiac Injury after Total Hepatic Ischemia and Reperfusion
There are few studies that focus on the important organs injuries induced by total hepatic ischemia and reperfusion (THIR), which is a key to save the lives of hepatic surgery patients. We evaluated changes in the hydrogen sulphide production system and injuries to the heart and kidney. The aim of this study was to assess whether sodium hydrosulphide (NaHS) has protective effects against THIR injury.Protection Against Severe Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Intravenous Resveratrol
Repetitive enteral or intraperitoneal administration of resveratrol at high doses has recently been found to protect the small intestine against acute ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In the present work, the protective potential of solvent-free continuous intravenous infusions of small amounts of resveratrol was studied in a model of severe intestinal I/R injury.Decay-Accelerating Factor Attenuates C-Reactive Protein-Potentiated Tissue Injury After Mesenteric Ischemia/Reperfusion
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute pro-inflammatory mediator that has been demonstrated to enhance ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury by virtue of activating the complement system. CRP is able to interact with complement proteins such as C1q, complement factor H, and C4b-binding protein. Since complement activation is central in the expression of tissue injury following IR, we have investigated the effects of human decay-accelerating factor (DAF), a complement inhibitor, on CRP-potentiated complement activation and tissue injury in mice subjected to mesenteric IR.Toll-Like Receptor 4: A Novel Signaling Pathway During Renal Fibrogenesis
The toll-like receptor (TLR) family serves an important regulatory role in the innate immune system, and recent evidence has implicated TLR signaling in the pro-inflammatory response of a variety of endogenous and exogenous stimuli within the kidney. The role of TLR signaling in fibrotic renal injury, however, remains unknown.
